人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)刮(gua)(gua)研是利用(yong)刮(gua)(gua)刀、基(ji)準表面、測(ce)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具和(he)顯示(shi)劑，以(yi)手工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操(cao)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，邊研點(dian)邊測(ce)量(liang)，邊人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)刮(gua)(gua)研加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件達到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝上規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸、幾(ji)何形(xing)狀、表面粗糙(cao)度和(he)密合性等要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)一項精(jing)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序。由(you)于使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具簡單，通(tong)用(yong)性比較強，加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)少，而達到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)度非常高(gao)，因(yin)此(ci)廣泛地應(ying)用(yong)在機器和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具的(de)(de)(de)(de)制造及機械設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)修理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作中。通(tong)常機床的(de)(de)(de)(de)導軌、拖板，滑動軸承的(de)(de)(de)(de)軸瓦都是用(yong)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)刮(gua)(gua)研的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)作精(jing)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)而成的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

人工刮研分為

粗刮

若(ruo)工件(jian)表(biao)面比較(jiao)粗糙、加工痕(hen)(hen)跡(ji)較(jiao)深或表(biao)面嚴重生銹、不(bu)(bu)平或扭曲、刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)削余量(liang)在0.005mm以(yi)上時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)先粗刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。粗刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的特點(dian)是(shi)采用長(chang)刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)刀，行(xing)程較(jiao)長(chang)（10mm~15mm之間），刀痕(hen)(hen)較(jiao)寬（10mm），刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)刀痕(hen)(hen)跡(ji)順向(xiang)，成片不(bu)(bu)重復。機械加工的刀痕(hen)(hen)掛除后，即可研點(dian)，并按(an)顯出的高點(dian)刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)削。當(dang)工件(jian)表(biao)面研點(dian)每(mei)25mm×25mm上為4~6點(dian)并留有細刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)加工余量(liang)時(shi)(shi)，可開始細刮(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。

細刮

細(xi)刮就是(shi)將(jiang)粗(cu)刮后的高(gao)點(dian)刮去，其特點(dian)是(shi)采用(yong)短刮法(fa)（刀痕寬約6mm，長5mm~10mm），研點(dian)分散快。細(xi)刮時要朝(chao)著一定(ding)方(fang)向刮，刮完一遍，刮第(di)二遍時要成(cheng)45度或60度方(fang)向交叉刮出(chu)網紋。當平均研點(dian)每25mm×25mm上為10~14點(dian)時，即可結束(shu)細(xi)刮。

精刮

在細刮的基礎上(shang)進(jin)行精刮，采用小(xiao)刮刀或帶圓弧的精刮刀，刀痕(hen)寬約4mm，平均研點每25m×25m上(shang)應(ying)為20~25點，常用于檢驗工具、精密(mi)導(dao)軌和緊密(mi)工具接觸面的刮削。

刮花

刮花(hua)的作用(yong)一是美觀，二是有積存潤滑油的功能。一般常見的花(hua)紋(wen)(wen)有：斜花(hua)紋(wen)(wen)、燕形(xing)花(hua)紋(wen)(wen)和魚(yu)鱗花(hua)紋(wen)(wen)等。另外，還可通過觀察(cha)原(yuan)花(hua)紋(wen)(wen)的完整和消失(shi)的情(qing)況來判斷平面工作后(hou)的磨(mo)損程(cheng)度。